马步站桩对下肢力量影响实验的分析     

王立利 《宜春学院学报》2011,33(8)

主要采用实验法、文献资料法和数理统计法,就马步站桩练习对下肢力量发展的影响进行了实验,通过测得受试者实验前后的马步站桩的时间和纵跳摸高的高度两个指标,分析得知马步站桩练习对下肢力量耐力的影响明显,而对下肢爆发力的影响不大。  相似文献   

Ⅴ型胶原蛋白ａ1链基因多态性与有氧耐力表型的关联性     

邓潇潇  杨贤罡  李燕春 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(2):45-50

摘要：目的：通过分析Ⅴ型胶原蛋白ａ1链（COL5A1）基因多态性与60名中国北方汉族女子专业长跑运动员机能指标的关联性，探寻预测有氧耐力表型的分子标记。方法：采用联合测试法测得无氧阈和最大摄氧量相关指标，肺功仪测得肺功相关指标。用PCR-RFLP分析COL5A1基因的rs13946、rs12722多态性。结果：1）rs12722位点：不同基因型运动员之间无氧阈摄氧量、无氧阈摄氧量相对值有显著性差异（P<0.05），TT型运动员显著大于CC和CT型。2）rs13946位点：该位点与有氧耐力表型以及肺功之间无关联（P<0.05）。3）rs13946-rs12722单体型：携带TC单体型运动员的无氧阈摄氧量和无氧阈摄氧量相对值指标均显著高于非TC单体型运动员（P<0.025）。结论：1）COL5A1 rs12722 TT基因型可作为预测中国北方汉族女子长跑运动员无氧阈强度下机体氧耗量的分子遗传学标记。2）TC单体型可作为预测北方汉族女子长跑运动员无氧阈摄氧量及其相对值指标的分子遗传学标记。  相似文献   

Resting MAPK expression in chronically trained endurance runners     

Justin X. Nicoll  Andrew J. Galpin  Donald B. Thomason  Christopher A. Moore 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(9):1194-1202

Purpose: There is a paucity of research investigating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in chronically trained (CT) athletes. Thus, it is unclear how MAPK may contribute to performance and muscle adaptation in CT subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine MAPK total protein, and phosphorylated expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38-MAPK (p38) between untrained, and chronically trained runners. Methods: Tissue samples were analysed from sedentary (SED; n?=?5) controls and chronically trained runners (CT; n?=?5). Resting muscle biopsy samples were analysed for total-MAPK – and ratio of phosphorylated/total (p-MAPK) – ERK1/2, JNK, and p38-MAPK via western blotting. Mann–Whitney U tests and effect sizes were utilized to determine differences in total MAPK protein content and phosphorylation status between SED and CT subjects. Results: There was no difference in total-MAPK expression between SED and CT (p?>?.05). p-p38-MAPK tended to be greater for CT compared to SED (p?=?.07). There were moderate effect sizes of decreased pERK/total-ERK (d?=??0.69) and increased pJNK/total-JNK (d?=?0.54) in CT compared to SED. There was a positive correlation between p-p38-MAPK/total-MAPK and the percentage of type I fibres (r?=?0.73, p?=?.016). Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, chronic endurance training does not greatly influence total MAPK protein expression in chronically trained runners. However, resting phosphorylation of p38-MAPK may contribute to enhanced oxidative metabolism at chronically trained levels. These alterations are likely involved in the different physiological adaptations that occur following long-term training or at highly competitive levels.  相似文献   

第64届美国运动医学会年会关于“运动益处的生物网络”研究热点与趋势     

何子红 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(8):40-47

摘要：概述美国运动医学第64th年会的主要内容和目标；归纳“机体对运动反应/适应的生物网络”研究的报告热点；介绍美国国立卫生院资助项目，“人类体力活动的分子传感器”的研究设计和组成。建立各取所长、分工合作的研发联盟是进行运动促进健康分子机制研究的必要途径；基于集合最新研究技术和分析方法，从宏观到微观再到宏观，从整体到局部再到整体的整合性系统实验设计是链接运动益处与其作用机制的桥梁。在未来，该领域的研究成果不仅仅是精准运动的实现、运动依存性的提高和对慢性病的辅助治疗，同时如果能够发现传递运动益处的分子，研发成产品，这必将会为人类健康产生深远影响。  相似文献   

Optimizing recovery to support multi-evening cycling competition performance     

Normand A Richard  Michael S Koehle 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):811-823

Road criterium and track bicycle racing occur at high speeds, demand repeated high power outputs, last 10–90?min, and offer little chance for recovery after the event. Consecutive evenings of criterium and track racing are respectively known as speed-week or six-day events and take place in evening hours over the course of a week. Given the schedule and timing of these competitions, return to homeostasis can be compromised. No recommendations exist on how to optimize recovery for cyclists participating in these types of repeated evening competitions. Criterium and track cyclists spend considerable time, near and above the individual lactate threshold and therefore mostly utilize carbohydrate as their chief energy substrate. Henceforth, pre – and post-race nutrition and hydration is examined and recommendations are brought forward for carbohydrate, protein, and fluid intake. As evening high-intensity exercise perturbs sleep, strategies to optimize sleep are discussed and recommendations for an optimal sleep environment are given. Active recovery is examined, and the benefits of a short duration low intensity exercise reviewed. Passive recovery methods such as compression garments and cold water immersion are recommended, while evidence for massage, pneumatic compression devices, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation is still lacking. Optimizing recovery strategies will facilitate a return to the resting state following strenuous night competition.  相似文献   

U17足球运动员专项灵敏和耐力素质分析及评价等级的建立     

陈翀  陈效科  王朝信  王启荣 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(11):112-118

摘要：目的：分析我国优秀U17足球运动员专项灵敏和耐力素质，并建立评价等级标准。主要运用场地测试法、数理统计法，对全国优秀的U17男子足球运动员进行专项灵敏和耐力素质测试和分析，分析结果为：1）按照优良中下差等级划分标准，曲线跑为9.05s以下、9.06~9.40s、9.41~10.20s、10.21~10.70s、10.71s以上；四线往返跑为9.60s以下、9.61~9.90s、9.91~10.60s、10.61~10.90s、10.91s以上。YOYO间歇性耐力跑为3601m以上、3231~3600m、2201~3230m、1951~2200m、1950m以下；2）平均值方面，曲线跑为9.88±0.66s；四线往返跑为10.27±0.53s；YOYO间歇性耐力跑为2754.30±672.37m。得出以下结论：1）足球运动中，曲线跑和四线往返跑是反映专项灵敏的代表性指标，YOYO间歇性耐力跑是反映专项耐力的代表性指标。运用离差法可以客观准确的建立足球运动员专项灵敏和专项耐力评分表和评价等级标准。2）我国U17男子足球运动员的专项灵敏和耐力水平分布比较分散，其位置特征总体表现为专项灵敏素质：前锋>前卫>守门员>后卫；专项耐力素质：前卫>后卫 >前锋>守门员。  相似文献   

Pacing profiles and pack running at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships     

Brian Hanley 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1189-1195

The aim of this study was to describe the pacing profiles and packing behaviour of athletes competing in the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Finishing and split times were collated for 491 men and 347 women across six championships. The mean speeds for each intermediate 5 km and end 1.1 km segments were calculated, and athletes grouped according to finishing time. The best men and women largely maintained their split speeds between 5 km and 15 km, whereas slower athletes had decreased speeds from 5 km onwards. Athletes were also classified by the type of packing behaviour in which they engaged. Those who ran in packs throughout the race had smaller decreases in pace than those who did not, or who managed to do so only to 5 km. While some athletes’ reduced speeds from 15 to 20 km might have been caused by fatigue, it was also possibly a tactic to aid a fast finish that was particularly beneficial to medallists. Those athletes who ran with the same competitors throughout sped up most during the finish. Athletes are advised to identify rivals likely to have similar abilities and ambitions and run with them as part of their pre-race strategy.  相似文献   

The Role of Endurance Contests in the Construction of Authority and Social Order in Rural China: Cases in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China     

Guohua Zheng 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(8):1057-1070

By investigating four cases from the Qing Dynasty (1622–1911) and from the Republic of China (1911–1949), it was found that inter-village disputes normally arose because of uneven distribution of public resources in China's rural society. To settle the disputes, villagers tended to apply civil mediation, normally conducting endurance contests, rather than seek governmental arbitration. The authority and social order was thereby based on endurance contests. Conducting such contests was certainly advantageous to larger villages in their quest for more public resources. However, it simultaneously restricted their privatization of public resources, as the smaller villagers were able to equally raise their voices to resist them and to obtain their own public resources by proposing and participating in endurance contests. Although originally it was an unfair way of settling the disputes over uneven distribution of public resources in rural China, it gave hope to the disadvantaged to protect their own rights and interests at a time when governmental arbitration could not be relied upon.  相似文献   

不同血糖指数、血糖负荷的食物对人体耐力及代谢影响     

宋永旺 《湖北体育科技》2011,30(6):672-675

探讨运动前连续三天进食不同血糖指数（GI）、血糖负荷（GL）食物对人体耐力及代谢的影响。方法采用平衡重复测试法。7名男子耐力运动员进行两个主要实验,每个主要实验之前均进行糖原耗竭运动,随后受试者随机进食三天含相等热量的低血糖指数、低血糖负荷（L—L）,高血糖指数、低血糖负荷（H—L）的碳水化合物（CHO）食物,每个实验间隔至少7天。L—L饮食组每天提供10．0gCHO／kg体重,H—L饮食组每天提供3．0gCHO／kg体重。测试日受试者安静休息2h,首先在水平跑台上以70％V02max的强度运动1h,随后以最短时间完成10kin耐力运动能力测试。结果：连续三天进食不同血糖指数、血糖负荷食物后,L—L与H—L相比运动时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;H—L实验组总的CHO利用量明显低于L—L实验组（P〈0．01）,总的脂肪利用量明显高于L—L实验组（P〈0．01）。  相似文献   

极限负荷下心理承受力影响因素分析及应对策略     

高洁梅  马志鹏  朱凌泽 《搏击·武术科学》2011,(6):42-43,48

近年来,伴随着国际体坛的纷纭变化,竞技体育的发展也呈现出了新的变化,比赛数量的增加,周期的缩短,于此同时,比赛的激励程度、强度、参赛运动员的水平也都显著提高,面对这种情形,无论在训练或是比赛中,运动员为了获得训练效益最大化并且取得比赛胜利,往往处于一种极限运动状态中,身体上呈现出来的极限状态往往会影响运动员的心理,而在这种极限状态下心理承受力的强弱对训练成绩和比赛结果有着至关重要得影响。文章将对极限状态下心理承受力影响因素以及应对策略展开研究,以期为运动员训练提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献